This is a summary of some findings of the LIPSIT project, a two year research partnership examining subnational barriers to the effective implementation of the Levelling Up agenda. This includes an analysis of sectoral specialisation by Local Enterprise Partnerships, which concludes that specialising in different sectors produce highly varying impacts on economic prosperity and inclusivity (e.g., specialising in professional and technical services improves prosperity but not inclusivity, specialising in insurance and finance improves inclusivity and not prosperity and manufacturing provides both). Another output involves an examination of the problems of multi-level governance in England. These include the instability of governance structures, overlapping and sometimes incoherent geographic levels, and competitive funding which combined have reduced the effectiveness of LEPs and other subnational bodies in delivering successful economic outcomes.