In January 2022, the All-Party Parliamentary Group for ‘left behind’ neighbourhoods published a report with the Local Trust, Northern Health Science Alliance (NHSA) and the Oxford Consultants for Social Inclusion (OCSI) outlining the conditions of left behind neighbourhoods in England. The areas identified as ‘left behind’ have among the worst health outcomes in England, with growing disparities between them and the rest of the country. Of the 225 left behind neighbourhoods, 139 – or 62% – are in the North of England.