This report forms a part of the Resolution Foundation's wider Economy 2030 Inquiry, examining the nature of economic change in the UK. Whilst many futurists and technologists claim automation is accelerating and will lead to the loss of millions of jobs, in reality the UK in general, and the North in particularly, have experienced a collapse in productivity growth since the financial crisis, resulting in stagnating living standards, but also a continued shortage of lower paid workers. This report shows that economic change in terms of the sectoral makeup of the UK economy has slowed since the 1990s and that despite preoccupation with the decline of manufacturing, the key structural changes now taking place are within the service sector. The researchers call for a more nuanced understanding of economic change and its spatial and demographic effects.