Like Jiang, who spoke at the September 2022 edition of the Northern Evidence Academic Forum, examines the challenges and potential opportunties around how to value noise impacts of transport in public spaces. He and his co-author, John Nellthorp describe that although transport appraisal currently focuses on noise impacts in residential areas, emerging evidence and approaches may allow a broader understanding of noise impacts. This includes moving beyond disruptive noise to looking at the whole soundscape of urban areas and understanding through footfall analysis.